Cat hernias are not commonly seen, but they can still occur, typically due to trauma or congenital factors (present from birth). A hernia develops when there is a defect or injury in the muscle, allowing internal organs and tissue to protrude through. There are three types of hernias, classified based on their location.
Early detection is crucial as untreated hernias can pose a serious threat to a cat's health. In the following discussion, you will learn about the various symptoms, types, causes, diagnosis, and the most common treatment approaches for cat hernias.
Common symptoms of hernias in cats include
- Visible bulge or swelling in the affected area.
- Pain or discomfort when touched or pressure is applied to the herniated area.
- Changes in behavior, such as reduced activity or reluctance to move.
- Loss of appetite or difficulty eating.
- Vomiting or regurgitation.
- Digestive issues, such as constipation or diarrhea.
- Difficulty breathing or coughing in cases of diaphragmatic hernias.
- Lethargy or weakness.
- Changes in urination or defecation patterns.
- In some cases, the presence of blood in urine or feces.
It's important to note that these symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of the hernia. If you notice any of these signs in your cat, it's recommended to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Types of cat hernias
Cat hernias can be classified into three common types based on their location in the body. These hernias vary in severity, with some requiring surgical intervention while others can be resolved without surgery by gently pushing the herniated tissue back into place.
To learn more about the specific types of hernias that occur in cats and how they develop, continue reading.
Inguinal hernia
The inguinal hernia occurs in the groin area when the intestines protrude through the inguinal canal. In most cases, this type of hernia is uncomplicated and can be gently pushed back into place without requiring surgery.
However, in severe cases, the intestines may become trapped in the muscle wall, leading to a life-threatening condition where blood flow to the tissue is cut off, causing tissue death. This type of cat hernia is relatively uncommon and is often observed in pregnant females.
Umbilical hernia
Umbilical hernias are located near the belly button and manifest as a soft protrusion or bulge. They occur when there is a hole in the muscle wall, allowing internal organs to pass through.
These hernias are typically seen in kittens as a result of the umbilical ring failing to close properly after birth. Most of the time, umbilical hernias in kittens close on their own without treatment before reaching three or four months of age. They are most noticeable when the kittens are standing or meowing.
Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernias occur in the diaphragm, allowing the stomach and other organs to slip through the opening and enter the chest cavity. While some hiatal hernias can be caused by genetics, they are often the result of an injury.
This type of cat hernia is rare, and when it is caused by a birth defect, it may intermittently appear and disappear, which is referred to as a sliding hernia.
Diagnosis of a cat hernia
If you suspect that your cat has a hernia, it is important to promptly take them to the veterinarian for diagnosis. The vet will conduct a thorough examination and assess the size and consistency of the hernia.
If the hernia is swollen and hard, it may indicate a more serious condition known as a strangulated hernia. This occurs when a portion of the tissue becomes trapped, cutting off the blood supply and resulting in tissue death. If this is the case, immediate surgical intervention will be necessary to correct the condition. In certain situations, an X-ray may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
If your cat or kitten has an uncomplicated hernia, surgery is usually not necessary as it can be gently pushed back into place. However, if the hernia is more severe or if the internal organs have become entangled, surgery will be required to reposition them through the muscle wall. After returning the organs to their normal position, the vet will stitch the muscles together. In some cases, medical mesh may be used to reinforce the weakened muscles and prevent recurrence of the hernia.
Since hernias commonly occur in kittens or adolescent cats, veterinarians often perform the hernia repair during the same surgical procedure as the cat's neutering or spaying, reducing the need for multiple surgeries.