Cat seizures can arise abruptly and have various underlying causes. While they are considered an uncommon symptom in cats, it is crucial to know how to handle them and minimize stress for both you and your pet.
Experiencing a seizure in your cat can be unsettling, especially if it's the first time. However, by following the recommendations provided in this article, we aim to equip you with the knowledge to stay composed and seek veterinary assistance when needed. Continue reading to gain insights into cat seizures and epilepsy and how to navigate through them.
What are cat seizures?
Cat seizures are characterized by peculiar behaviors like collapsing, twitching, teeth gnashing, and tremors. These seizures occur due to sudden and abnormal electrical impulses that disrupt the normal brain processes. As a result, nerve stimulation in other parts of the body leads to the distinct behaviors commonly associated with seizures.
It's important to note that seizures in cats indicate abnormal brain function and are not a specific disease diagnosis on their own. However, seizures can also be triggered by factors unrelated to brain abnormalities. Kidney issues, liver disease, or low blood sugar levels can also contribute to seizures in cats. Seizures are classified into different categories, with episodes being categorized as generalized or partial. Generalized seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain, while partial seizures occur in specific regions of the brain.
What is cat epilepsy?
Cat epilepsy refers to a condition where cats experience recurrent seizures due to disturbances in brain activity. It's important to note that if your cat has only had a single seizure in their lifetime, they are unlikely to be diagnosed with epilepsy. Cat epilepsy should not be mistaken for idiopathic epilepsy, a genetic condition that primarily affects dogs and humans but is relatively uncommon in cats. Idiopathic epilepsy also presents with seizures, but in this case, no abnormalities can be identified in the brain or elsewhere in the body.
Cat seizure symptoms
The signs exhibited during a cat seizure can vary depending on the type and underlying cause. General seizures typically occur suddenly and last for up to three minutes. They can be distressing to witness, as they may involve shaking, loss of consciousness, twitching, or urination.
Unlike dogs, cats are more prone to partial seizures rather than general seizures, regardless of age. The symptoms of a partial seizure in cats can vary significantly depending on the specific region of the brain affected. These symptoms may be subtle and include unusual movements, drooling, facial twitching, tail chasing, loud vocalizations, or aggressive behavior.
Sometimes, it can be challenging to distinguish seizure symptoms from other behavioral causes, and episodes may go unnoticed due to their mild nature. It's important to watch out for additional signs such as excessive thirst, fatigue, or constant pacing, as these may precede a seizure. If you observe any unusual behavior in your cat, it's recommended to consult your veterinarian and discuss these symptoms. If possible, take note of the time when the seizure occurs.
If a cat's seizure lasts for more than 5-10 minutes, it is considered status epilepticus and requires immediate veterinary attention as it is a medical emergency. It is also advisable to contact a vet if it's the cat's first seizure, if they haven't been evaluated by a vet for this issue previously, or if they experience multiple seizure episodes in close succession, regardless of the duration of each episode.
What causes epileptic seizures in cats?
Cat seizures can be indicative of various health issues, and their causes are typically classified as either intracranial (originating within the brain) or extracranial (resulting from conditions outside the brain).
Intracranial causes encompass conditions like brain inflammation, tumors, and trauma. On the other hand, extracranial causes can involve factors such as toxin ingestion, kidney disease, liver disease, heart arrhythmias, and disturbances in blood sugar regulation, among others. Older cats are more likely to have concurrent health problems associated with seizures, such as the ones mentioned above.
In some cases, a seizure may be classified as "idiopathic." This diagnosis is more commonly given to younger cats when no underlying cause can be identified, and the seizure is attributed to a malfunction in brain neurotransmission.
What should you do when your cat is having a seizure?
If your cat is experiencing a seizure, it can be a distressing situation. Here are some steps to take when your cat is having a seizure:
Stay calm: It's important to remain as calm as possible during the seizure. Remember that your cat is not in control of their actions and may not be aware of their surroundings.
Ensure safety: Remove any objects or furniture that could potentially harm your cat during the seizure. Clear the area around them to prevent injury.
Do not intervene physically: It's crucial not to try to hold down or restrain your cat during a seizure. This can lead to unintentional harm to both you and your cat. Allow the seizure to run its course.
Note the duration: Make a mental note or keep track of the time the seizure begins and how long it lasts. This information will be valuable for your veterinarian when assessing your cat's condition.
Minimize stimulation: Keep the environment as quiet and calm as possible. Turn off bright lights and reduce noise levels to avoid overstimulation.
Do not put anything in your cat's mouth: Contrary to popular belief, it is not necessary to insert anything into your cat's mouth during a seizure. Your cat will not swallow their tongue, and attempting to open their mouth may result in injury.
Remove potential hazards: Ensure there are no sharp objects, stairs, or other dangers nearby that your cat could accidentally encounter after the seizure.
Contact your veterinarian: After the seizure has ended, reach out to your veterinarian and provide them with detailed information about the episode, including the duration and any observed symptoms. They will be able to guide you on the next steps to take and may recommend an examination to identify the underlying cause of the seizure.
Remember, each cat seizure is unique, and it's important to consult with your veterinarian for proper guidance and treatment specific to your cat's condition.