Ringworm, a contagious fungal infection of the skin, is prevalent among cats. Although it is more commonly found in kittens and long-haired cats, it can affect any breed and age group. It is essential to note that ringworm is not caused by worms, as the name suggests, but rather by a group of fungi known as dermatophytes. This condition, also referred to as dermatophytosis in medical terms, is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted to humans, particularly those with compromised immune systems.
What is ringworm in cats?
Ringworm is a prevalent fungal infection that affects a cat's fur, skin, and nails by feeding on the keratin present in these areas. The name "ringworm" stems from the characteristic circular lesions it creates on the cat's skin, often accompanied by hair loss. These ring-like lesions are commonly observed on the head, ears, along the back's ridge, and on the front legs, although they can appear anywhere on the body.
How do cats get ringworm?
Ringworm in cats is a highly contagious fungal infection that is primarily transmitted through contact with infected cats. It can quickly spread within households with multiple pets as the fungal spores are carried on shed skin and hair. Kittens under the age of one are particularly susceptible to ringworm due to their developing immune systems. Additionally, long-haired cats are more prone to ringworm as the fungus can become trapped in their dense coat, making it more challenging to eliminate.
Symptoms of ringworm in cats
The symptoms of ringworm in cats can sometimes be subtle and may vary from one cat to another. If your cat is experiencing ringworm, you may notice the following symptoms:
Circular or irregular patches of hair loss: Ringworm often causes distinctive round or irregularly shaped areas where the fur is missing. These patches may be red, scaly, or crusty.
- Itchy or irritated skin: Infected areas may be itchy or cause discomfort for your cat. They may scratch, lick, or chew at the affected areas.
- Dandruff or flaky skin: Ringworm can cause dry, flaky skin or dandruff in the affected areas.
- Broken or brittle hair: The fur in the infected areas may become brittle, break easily, or appear dull.
- Inflammation and redness: The skin around the infected areas may become inflamed, red, or swollen.
- Lesions on the face, ears, or paws: Ringworm commonly affects the head, ears, and paws of cats, but it can occur on any part of the body.
It's important to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other skin conditions, so it's best to consult a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis. They may perform diagnostic tests, such as a fungal culture, to confirm if your cat has ringworm.
Diagnosis for ringworm in cats
To diagnose ringworm in cats your vet may conduct different tests, such as checking for fluorescence under a special UV lamp, taking a sample of your cat’s fur to analyse under a microscope, or a blood test. However, the most reliable option to take coat brushing samples from your cat to be sent for laboratory testing. While this option is generally the most accurate it does take the longest, and you may have to wait up to two weeks for the results.
Ringworm treatment for cats
The typical treatment for ringworm in cats involves a combination of anti-fungal medication and the use of an anti-fungal shampoo. To prevent the spread of the infection, your veterinarian may recommend confining your cat to easily cleanable areas of your home, rather than allowing them to have unrestricted access.
Since the fungal spores can quickly spread throughout the house, it may be necessary to clip the fur of long-haired cats to facilitate more effective washing with the anti-fungal shampoo.
Decontaminating your home is also crucial in treating ringworm in cats. The fungal spores shed from your cat's hair and skin can contaminate the environment. It's important to remove pet hair from furniture and carpets by daily vacuuming, while hard floors should be mopped. Consult your vet for advice on pet-friendly disinfectants that can be safely used. Items such as bedding, brushes, and toys that cannot be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected may need to be discarded to avoid re-infection.
According to VCA Hospitals, these spores can survive in your home for up to 18 months. Therefore, thorough home decontamination is essential to prevent your cat from becoming re-infected. If you have other pets in the household, consult your vet to determine if they should also be treated. It's important never to use medication prescribed for one animal on another, as this can be dangerous, especially if they are different species.