While it is not a frequent occurrence, dogs can experience seizures. Seizures in dogs can have various causes, ranging from ingestion of toxic substances to canine epilepsy. This comprehensive guide aims to provide you with a better understanding of seizures in dogs and offer guidance on what to do if your dog has a seizure.
What to look out for with dog seizures
In simple terms, a dog seizure occurs when there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to twitching, shaking, and potential loss of consciousness in the affected pet.
Even if you are unfamiliar with the signs, it is usually apparent when your dog is experiencing a seizure. Their behavior will become highly unusual, and the seizure itself can be quite dramatic. The key is to stay calm during this situation and determine the appropriate course of action.
During the seizure
During the seizure episode, your dog may exhibit various symptoms that can last anywhere from a few seconds to five minutes or longer. While you cannot stop the seizure from happening, you can take steps to ensure the safety and comfort of your pet. Common symptoms your dog may experience during a seizure include:
- Loss of consciousness
- Muscle spasms, especially in the legs
- "Treading water" motion
- Excessive salivation
- Urination or loss of bowel control
- Foaming at the mouth
Dog seizure triggers
Dog seizures can have various triggers, and identifying these triggers is crucial in managing your dog's condition. If your dog experiences repeated seizures, they may be diagnosed with epilepsy, which is the most common cause of recurring seizures in dogs. While the exact cause of epilepsy is unknown, it is often suspected and investigated by veterinarians when other potential causes are ruled out. Other underlying conditions that can lead to seizures in dogs include:
- Liver disease
- Brain tumor
- Kidney failure
- Extremely low or high blood sugar levels
In the case of one-off seizure episodes, there can be specific triggers such as physical trauma, ingestion of a toxin, or a stroke. Sometimes, the cause of a single seizure may remain unknown. Regardless of whether your dog has experienced a single seizure or multiple seizures, it is crucial to have them evaluated by a veterinarian to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate care.
Types of seizures in dogs ?
There are several types of seizures that can occur in dogs. Here are some common types:
Generalized Seizures: These seizures involve the entire body and can manifest as tonic-clonic (convulsive) seizures. During a tonic phase, the dog may lose consciousness and experience stiffening of the muscles. This is followed by the clonic phase, characterized by rhythmic muscle contractions and jerking movements.
Focal Seizures: Focal seizures, also known as partial seizures, affect a specific area or side of the brain. The symptoms may vary depending on the region affected. It could be localized twitching of a limb, facial muscle spasms, or even unusual behavior such as biting at imaginary objects.
Psychomotor Seizures: Psychomotor seizures are characterized by abnormal behaviors and repetitive motions. Dogs experiencing these seizures may display frantic running or pacing, fly biting (snapping at the air), excessive licking or chewing, or other repetitive actions without purpose.
Absence Seizures: Absence seizures are less common in dogs compared to humans. They are characterized by brief episodes of staring or being unresponsive. During these seizures, the dog may appear dazed or have a vacant expression, but they do not exhibit convulsions or dramatic movements.
It's important to note that each dog may experience seizures differently, and the severity and frequency can vary. If your dog experiences seizures, it's essential to consult with a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Dealing with a dog seizure
n the event that your dog has a seizure, it's important to remain calm and composed as it will allow you to assist your pet more effectively. If there are any objects or furniture nearby that could potentially harm your dog during the seizure, gently move them away.
Ensuring a cool environment for your dog can be helpful, such as turning on a fan or air conditioning. Offering a soothing presence, speak to your dog in a calm and reassuring manner. Once the seizure subsides, it's crucial to contact a veterinarian without delay.
If the seizure lasts longer than five minutes or your dog remains unconscious and experiences multiple seizures, it is essential to seek immediate veterinary assistance. Contact your vet promptly as they can provide guidance on the next steps to take. They may advise you to bring your dog in for examination, administer necessary medications, or conduct diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause.
Dog seizure myths
Contrary to popular belief, dogs are not in danger of swallowing their tongue during a seizure. Therefore, it is important to avoid putting your fingers or any objects in their mouth, as this can lead to unintentional bites or injuries.
It's worth noting that most dog seizures are not physically painful for them. However, there is a risk of injury if your dog bumps into objects or furniture during the seizure. It is advisable to carefully monitor their surroundings to prevent any potential harm.