If you notice a decrease in your dog's energy levels as they age, it's important to consider that it may not be solely attributed to old age. In certain instances, this could be a symptom of a condition called Cushing's Syndrome in dogs. Understanding the key aspects of this disease is crucial. Here is the information you need to know.
What is Cushing’s disease in dogs?
Cushing's disease, or hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition that is more frequently observed in dogs aged 7 years and older. It involves the excessive production of cortisol, a natural steroid commonly referred to as the stress hormone. Cortisol plays an important role in various bodily functions, including the immune system and the "fight or flight" response. However, in cases of Cushing's disease, there is an abnormal increase in cortisol levels, leading to hormonal imbalances and associated symptoms.
The primary cause of Cushing's disease in dogs is typically a benign tumor in the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain. The pituitary gland normally sends signals to the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. However, in cases of pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease, these signals continue to be sent even when there is already sufficient cortisol present, resulting in elevated cortisol levels in the body.
Less commonly, Cushing's disease can be caused by tumors in the adrenal glands themselves, known as adrenal-dependent disease. It can also occur if a dog is receiving high doses of steroid treatment for another medical condition.
Symptoms of Cushing’s in dogs?
Cushing's disease in dogs can go unnoticed for a significant period of time and tends to progress slowly. Since the disease primarily affects middle-aged and senior dogs, its symptoms are often initially attributed to the natural aging process.
Cortisol is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the functioning of different organs and systems in the body. As a result, excessive production of cortisol can impact various body systems, leading to a wide range of non-specific symptoms. The specific symptoms of Cushing's disease may vary among individual dogs, and it's important to consult a veterinarian even if you don't observe all the signs listed below.
Here are some of the most common symptoms of Cushing’s in dogs:
- Increased thirst and appetite
- Increased urination
- Lethargy or decreased activity levels
- Hair loss
- Thin skin
- Pot-belly appearance
- Increased panting
- General loss of muscle tone
How is Cushing’s disease in dogs diagnosed?
Non-specific symptoms are common in Cushing's disease and can overlap with other underlying illnesses. When you visit the vet, they will inquire about specific symptoms you have observed in your pet. Additionally, they will conduct a comprehensive clinical examination to identify any visible signs of the disease.
Based on the examination findings, the vet may suggest suitable diagnostic tests. Typically, this begins with blood tests to assess various parameters and often involves ruling out other diseases. Urine tests can also provide valuable information. Depending on the results, additional imaging techniques such as abdominal ultrasound may be recommended to gather more diagnostic data.
How can Cushing’s disease in dogs be treated?
The treatment and management approach for Cushing's disease in dogs depends on the specific type diagnosed. In most cases, daily oral tablets are prescribed to regulate cortisol production and maintain hormone levels within a healthier range. Regular veterinary check-ups and tests are important to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.
If your dog is undergoing Cushing's medication and displays sudden weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, or collapse, it is crucial to contact your vet immediately as these symptoms may indicate an "Addisonian Crisis" caused by excessively suppressed cortisol levels.
In instances of adrenal-dependent disease, surgical removal of the tumor may be recommended by the vet. The prognosis is generally more favorable if the tumor is benign rather than malignant.
If your dog exhibits Cushing's symptoms while concurrently receiving steroid treatment for another condition, it is essential to consult your vet before making any adjustments to the steroid dosage. Abruptly discontinuing or reducing steroid medication without professional guidance can lead to severe side effects. The vet will provide guidance on safely tapering off the treatment, if necessary.
In mild cases of Cushing's disease, treatment may not be immediately required. However, regular veterinary check-ups are necessary, and close monitoring for disease progression is important to determine if medical intervention becomes necessary at a later stage.
Can Cushing’s in dogs be cured?
While most cases of Cushing's disease in dogs cannot be cured, they can be effectively managed over the long term.
Once medical treatment is initiated, it typically continues for the remainder of your dog's life. Regular veterinary visits will be necessary to monitor your pet's health and ensure the treatment is working effectively. In some cases of adrenal-dependent disease, surgical removal of a benign tumor can provide a curative option.
Once treatment begins, you should observe gradual improvements in your dog's overall well-being. Their thirst, appetite, and energy levels should normalize within a few days to weeks, although it may take several months for fur regrowth to occur.